Sleep disorders are very common and can significantly affect mental health, physical health, concentration, mood, memory, work performance, relationships, and quality of life. Urgent assessment is needed where sleep disturbance is associated with suicidal thoughts, mania, psychosis, severe depression, dangerous daytime sleepiness, suspected sleep apnoea with major risk, medication misuse, or safety-sensitive work such as driving or operating machinery.
Insomnia is one of the most common sleep disorders. NICE estimates ranging from 5–50%, while global research estimated insomnia in more than 16% of adults, with higher rates in females.
Common sleep disorders include:
Insomnia: Difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, waking too early, or poor-quality sleep.
Hypersomnia: Excessive sleepiness despite adequate sleep.
Circadian Rhythm Disorders: Disruption of the body clock, including delayed sleep phase or shift-work sleep disorder.
Parasomnias: Abnormal behaviours during sleep, such as sleepwalking, night terrors, or nightmares.
Sleep Apnoea: Interrupted breathing during sleep, often associated with snoring, daytime sleepiness, and cardiovascular risk.
Restless Legs Syndrome: Uncomfortable sensations in the legs with an urge to move, often worse at night.
Sleep disorders are very common and can significantly affect mental health, physical health, concentration, mood, memory, work performance, relationships, and quality of life. Urgent assessment is needed where sleep disturbance is associated with suicidal thoughts, mania, psychosis, severe depression, dangerous daytime sleepiness, suspected sleep apnoea with major risk, medication misuse, or safety-sensitive work such as driving or operating machinery.
Insomnia is one of the most common sleep disorders. NICE estimates ranging from 5–50%, while global research estimated insomnia in more than 16% of adults, with higher rates in females.
Common sleep disorders include:
Insomnia: Difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, waking too early, or poor-quality sleep.
Hypersomnia: Excessive sleepiness despite adequate sleep.
Circadian Rhythm Disorders: Disruption of the body clock, including delayed sleep phase or shift-work sleep disorder.
Parasomnias: Abnormal behaviours during sleep, such as sleepwalking, night terrors, or nightmares.
Sleep Apnoea: Interrupted breathing during sleep, often associated with snoring, daytime sleepiness, and cardiovascular risk.
Restless Legs Syndrome: Uncomfortable sensations in the legs with an urge to move, often worse at night.
For chronic insomnia, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) is the first-line treatment, which may include sleep scheduling, stimulus control, relaxation techniques, cognitive restructuring, and behavioural strategies. The list of interventions includes:
According to the international classification systems (e.g., ICD-11, DSM-V),
the following psychoactive substances are currently recognized as being in use
Comprehensive, integrated, and proven treatment services are offered within a safe framework of consultation, prescribing, and counselling, including a whole-person approach to recovery, building personalized and holistic treatment schedules that address each person’s unique concerns. Combining modern therapeutic practices with proven treatments, meaningful and lasting results are consistently delivered, addressing the physical, emotional, and psychological aspects of addiction.
Choosing the right treatment option depends on individual circumstances, including the severity of addiction, personal responsibilities, and financial considerations.
Outpatient Services include counselling, support groups, and medication-assisted treatment. These services allow individuals to maintain their daily responsibilities while receiving support for their substance misuse issues.
For those requiring more intense support, structured programs in a residential setting, providing a focused environment for recovery, is arranged. The interventions include:
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